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MICHIGAN
Official State Classification: Threatened
Historical Perspective:
Historical records of the common loon in Michigan are meager. From
the few existing records, it appears that the loon nested statewide up
until the early part of this century. Since that time, the breeding
range has been shrinking to the north and numbers have decreased.
Present Population:
Jim Hammill of the Michigan DNR began systematic surveys of lakes
in the Upper Peninsula in 1983. Only one in twelve apparently
habitable lakes was occupied by loons. He estimated 100 nesting
pairs in the western and central Upper Peninsula. Bill Robinson, a
professor at Northern Michigan University has been surveying the
more than 11,000 inland lakes. Focusing on the lakes with known
histories of loon nesting and lakes with suitable habitat features, he
estimated the Michigan loon population in 1988 to be 275 nesting
pairs with forty pairs on Isle Royale, 139 in the Upper Peninsula, and
ninety-six in the Lower Peninsula. This was an increase from the 225
nesting pairs estimated for 1985. Reproductive success rates are high
compared to other states with large loon populations.
Prospects:
The recent population increase is good news. However, the amount of
vacant suitable habitat is alarming. There is some concern that loons
are flying to the Great Lakes and being killed in commercial fishing
nets. The Michigan DNR has established a Common Loon Recovery
Team which is drafting a recovery plan at present. Also, a citizens
loon organization has been established to conduct loon protection and
public education activities. The interest shown by the DNR and
federal agencies in loon research and management is encouraging.
Private Loon Organization:
The Michigan Loon Preservation Association, a project of the
Michigan Audubon Society has been established. Also, The Nature
Conservancy has conducted a Loon Registry program designed to
identify lakes with nesting loons and implement loon protective
programs through a network of volunteers.
NEW YORK
Official State Classification: Species of Special Concern
This classification refers to a species for which a risk of
endangerment has been documented.
Historical Perspective:
There are few records documenting early loon populations in New
York. Loon researcher Judy McIntyre believes loons probably once
nested on most of the Adirondack lakes as well as on all or most of
the Finger Lakes. Robert Arbib compiled information from scientific
documents, ornithologists, bird clubs, and conservation officers and
published the first specific account of loons in New York in 1963. He
listed over ninety lakes where pairs had been recorded and
estimated the statewide population at 240 breeding pairs restricted
to the Adirondack region.
Present Population:
The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation has
conducted two loon surveys. The total population was estimated at
800 to 1000 adults including 216 to 270 nesting pairs. The large
number of nonbreeding adults and the relatively high reproductive
rates suggest that the population is growing.
Prospects:
The future of loons in New York is tied quite closely to the acid rain
issue. Over 200 Adirondack lakes are now fishless and consequently
devoid of loons. Based on a study done by Karl Parker of the State
University of New York at Syracuse, loons can adapt in a limited
fashion to lake acidification and the subsequent loss of fish. However,
it is clear that a lake without fish will soon become a lake without
loons. Development and recreational pressures may also increase in
the Adirondacks and cause some further problems for loons.
Fortunately, there is a great interest in loons by the people of the
state.
Private Loon Organization:
The Audubon Society of New York conducts educational programs on
loon protection.